The Victoria Community Development Corporation

Victoria Heritage Park And Newfoundland Pony

MY HOW THINGS CHANGE - OR STAY THE SAME

Activity Focus:

Students will identify constant and changing traits of the pony's life cycle. Students will have the opportunity to compare young and mature ponies.

Curriculum Expectations:

~describe some basic changes in humans as they grow and compare changes in humans with changes in the pony.
~Describe changes in the appearance and activity of the pony as it goes through a complete life cycle.
~Compare the life cycles of some animals that have similar life cycles and some that have different life cycles.
~Identify constant traits and changing traits in the Newfoundland Pony (and other animals) as they grow, and compare the appearance of young and mature animals of the same species.

Teacher Background:

Students will continue to make use of the established activity centers and information gathered either in written form, worksheets, or through observation. The use of observation skills is very important in this activity. Whenever possible, the word "observation" should be used and defined so students get used to it.

Materials Needed:

~Life Cycle series sheets (at Activity Centers) ~Student Activity Sheet
~Pictures of humans at various life cycle stages ~Chart paper
~Pictures of young and mature animals of the same species

Teacher Background:

Students will continue to make use of the established activity centers and information gathered either in written form, worksheets, or through observation. The use of observation skills is very important in this activity. Whenever possible, the word "observation" should be used and defined so students get used to it.

Teaching Strategies:

1. Review the word "characteristics". Discuss characteristics in terms of life cycle - that some will change and others will not. Look at pictures of people of different ages. With a marker, make a list of characteristics that stay the same through the life cycle e.g. number of arms, legs... onto chart paper. On another piece of chart paper, make a list of characteristics that change in people as they age. Keep these lists posted so students can refer to them.

2. Have students list characteristics of the pony that change or stay the same.

3. Ask students to list the common traits that stay the same in the pony and in humans e.g. number of legs.

ASSESSMENT SUGGESTIONS:

1. Check Student Activity Sheet for accuracy and completion.
2. On a back-line drawing of a Newfoundland pony, have students list and identify the changing characteristics in red and the constant characteristics in blue.

EXTENSION ACTIVITIES:

1. Look at the changing and constant characteristics in the life cycle of an insect.
2. Research and discuss ways mature animals care for their young.
3. Draw / sketch pictures of what animals would look like if the constant traits would change. For example, as a horse grows it grows more legs or ears.

MUSIC ACTIVITY:

1. Have students sing the song TICKLE COVE POND by Mark Walker.
2. Have students write an additional verse of their own choosing to coincide with the song.

1Reproduced from Andrew F. Fraser's, The Newfoundland Pony, Creative Publishers, St. John's, Newfoundland, 1992, page 83.

British Origins

Overhead - Genealogy of the Newfoundland Pony

The Exmoor

The Exmoor is the oldest and the purest of the British native breeds. They have roamed the bleak, open moors of southwestern England, known as Exmoor, for centuries. They are believed to be the direct descendants of the horses that walked onto Britain before it was an Island.

Natural selection has designed a pony suited to survival in a cold and wet climate without the provision of food or shelter by mankind.

Overhead - Exmoor Pony Characteristics

Two features unique to the breed are:

1. The "hooded eye", or heavy upper brow to protect the eyes from wind and rain.
2. The "snow-chute", a group of short hairs at the top of the tail designed to channel rain and snow down and away from the body. The show-chute, or ice-tail, is shed each summer and regrown each autumn.

Coat: Their summer coat is sleek and shiny, but in winter they grow a double layered coat to provide both insulation and waterproofing enabling them to stand out in the worst of weather and remain dry at skin level.

Color: Exmoor's are always brown with black points and show the characteristic mealy or buff colored ring around the eyes and muzzle.

Head: The forehead is very broad, the eyes large and pronounced, the ears small and the jaw deep.

Body: The body is deep and the ribs well sprung. The legs are short and clean with well developed joints and ample bone. The hooves are neat, hard, and well shaped.

Movement: Their action is straight and true, showing no tenancy to animation or sweeping.

Height: The preferred height range is 11.3 to 12.3 hands for stallions and geldings, and 11.2 to 12.2 hands for mares.

Weight: Ponies weight on average 700-800 pounds.

General: The general appearance is that of balance, strength and definite pony character

Exmoor Pony Characteristics

Two features unique to the Exmoor breed are:

1. The "hooded eye", or heavy upper brow to protect the eyes from wind and rain, and

2. The "snow-chute", a group of short hairs at the top of the tail designed to channel rain and snow down and away from the body. The show-chute, or ice-tail, is shed each summer and regrown each autumn.

Coat: Their summer coat is sleek and shiny, but in winter they grow a double layered coat to provide both insulation and waterproofing enabling them to stand out in the worst of weather and remain dry at skin level.

Color: Exmoor's are always brown with black points and show the characteristic mealy or buff colored ring around the eyes and muzzle.

Head: The forehead is very broad, the eyes large and pronounced, the ears small and the jaw deep.

Body: The body is deep and the ribs well sprung. The legs are short and clean with well developed joints and ample bone. The hooves are neat, hard, and well shaped.

Movement: Their action is straight and true, showing no tenancy to animation or sweeping.

Height: The preferred height range is 11.3 to 12.3 hands for stallions and geldings, and 11.2 to 12.2 hands for mares.

Weight: Ponies weight on average 700-800 pounds.

General: The general appearance is that of balance, strength and definite pony character.

TO BE MADE INTO OVERHEADS

Newfoundland Pony
British Origins

The Dartmoor

The Dartmoor Pony is one of nine breeds native to the British Isles. The area from which it originates is a rocky, barren, moorland called Dartmoor in Devon, England. The sparse grazing and bleak conditions of this moor ensure that only the toughest of its inhabitants thrive. The ponies have roamed the moor for many centuries. One of the earliest recorded references to these ponies is in the will of a Saxon Bishop, Awlfwold of Crediton, who died in 1012.

Dartmoor Breed Characteristics

As a hearty moorland breed, the Dartmoor is sturdy in conformation, more similar to a warm blood type than the elegant Welsh. This distinctiveness and consistency of appearance makes it easy to pick the Dartmoor out of a crowd, as well as match ponies for a driving team.

Overhead:

Coat: Thickly covered with long hair. The mane and tail should be full and flowing.

Color: Dark in color, mostly bay, brown or black with an occasional gray or chestnut. White markings if any are very small. Excessive white markings should be discouraged.

Head: Generally large headed and short necked, and well set on shoulders, with the nostrils large and expanding and the eyes bright, mild, intelligent and prominent. The ears should be small, well-formed, alert and neatly set.

Body: Of medium length and strong, well ribbed up and with a good depth of girth giving plenty of heart room.

- Loin and hindquarters: Strong and well covered with muscle. The hindquarters should be of medium length and neither level or steeply sloping. The tail is well set up.
- Hind legs: The hocks should be well let down with plenty of length from hip to hock, clean cut and with plenty of bone below the joint. They should not be "sickled" or "cow-hocked".
- Fore legs: Should not be tied in, in any way, at the elbows. The forearm should be muscular and the knee fairly large and flat on the front. The cannon should be short from knee to fetlock with ample, good, flat, flinty bone. The pasterns should be sloping but not too long. The feet should be sound, tough and well shaped.

Movement: Low straight and free flowing, yet without exaggeration.

Height: Not exceeding 12.2 hands high.

Weight: Ponies weight on average 700-800 pounds

General: The Dartmoor is a good looking riding pony, sturdily built yet with quality.

Newfoundland Pony
British Origins

New Forest

Overhead

Coat: In summer they have a sleek coat, but in winter they grow a thicker, longer hair to provide insulation and water proofing against the harsh elements of the environment of winter. Rich mane but short dense forelock.

Color: The most prominent colors are bay, brown, and gray followed by chestnut, roan and black. Limited white markings are allowed on the head and legs. Blue-eyed creams, piebalds and skewbalds are NOT permitted.

Head: Rather large head with intelligent eyes, well set on a shortish neck.

Body: Strong, short back with deep girth.

- shoulders: are strong
- loins and hindquarters: should be strong, good hard legs with short cannon bones and excellent feet.

Movement: Considered to be a very spirited animal.

Height: The accepted height is 12 - 14.2 hands high.

Weight: Ponies approximate weight 800-900 pounds.

General: The New Forest is a hardy, thrifty pony with plenty of endurance.

Newfoundland Pony
Uniqueness

Objective/Lesson Focus: To provide a detailed description of the Newfoundland Pony including traits that define it a ‘Heritage Animal'.

Method: Follow lesson notes and present overheads as instructed.

Materials: Lesson notes, overheads and overhead projector.

Instruction/Teacher Input

The Newfoundland Pony is the Province of Newfoundland's first Heritage Animal. The ponies of Newfoundland represent a potpourri of breeds from the old countries. The ponies of Newfoundland have been reproducing themselves for decades or centuries, with occasional injections of new blood from outside sources. This pony has now evolved into a breed type that reflects the historical needs for a draught animal in this climate. The following highlights the characteristics and appearance of this pony.

The Newfoundland ‘type' pony is officially recognized, but the status of ‘breed' has been granted with some hesitation. The Newfoundland point of view is quite straight forward. It is an established fact this pony has been bred exclusively in this insular location, without significant fresh blood introduced for hundreds of years, and therefore it is a breed of horse in all senses except the existence of a studbook or register. A pedigree did not make the horse work better and papers meant nothing, in the reality of Newfoundland life. Newfoundlanders, in their realistic way, have shown little interest in registering their ponies with a breed society. The existence of the society, however, served to assist the people of the province, declaring that the pony breed is an accomplished fact. The basic position of all concerned parties is that the province historically possessed a pony and this makes it the Newfoundland Pony. Since it has been born and bred in its own province from a time before any other horse breeds were formally defined, it is a breed also. With or without recognition by officialdom, with or without papers or uniform stature, the pony, as a breed at home is a natural fact. However late in its existence breed status has been claimed. Newfoundlanders always knew they had a type of horse that belonged to them and to their island.

Typical Features:

Typical features of the Newfoundland pony include a deep chest, strong hindquarters and neck, in a compact general appearance. The strength of the fore quarters is evident. The neck usually fits into a 19-inch collar (measured in a straight line from top to bottom inside the collar). A feature of the conformation of Newfoundland ponies is a well-set neck, one that blends smoothly into the shoulder region. The breast, however, often appears narrow and closed at the front. The shoulders are nevertheless well muscled and steep or oblique, in direction. The hind quarters are visibly muscular and the conformation of the lions is compact. Shortness of the shinbone is a common feature and the legs are therefore proportionally short. Their close set legs and small hooves, which did not easily crack or chip are particularly well-suited to hilly and rocky ground and their long, thick winter coats protect them from the strong winds off the Atlantic Ocean.

Overhead

Summary

~ Approximately 11 to 14.2 hands high (one hand = 4 inches)
~ Thick dark mane, tail and lower legs
~ Commonly brown though other colours are not uncommon
~ Weight range 400 to 800 pounds
~ May experience mild to radical colour changes from one season to the next
~ Small head with deep jowls and short hairy ears
~ Small flint hard hoofs and a low set tail

Most of its variability is in physical appearance, such as size,, weight, conformation, coat colour, and hair texture. Its basic behavior is its stable characteristic.

Overhead

Breast: Narrowness across the breast results in the forelegs being set close together. This is not the type of conformation that is considered desirable in some other types of horse. In the Newfoundland pony this physical characteristic has environmental justification. The narrow-looking breast reduces heat loss when the animal faces a cold, strong gale. The close set fore feet make the animal very sure footed on rough terrain.

Head: The equine Newfoundlander has a nicely contoured skull and the point of the skull, the poll, is not prominent. The brow is overhung by a short forelock which has an underside of furry hair, particularly in winter. The eyes are set well apart. Extending down from the eyes, on either side of the upper checks, is the protruding ridge of the hard facial bone. The upper cheek region gives breadth to the face. The facial-nasal lines are devoid of curves being straight and of limited length. The nasal openings of the muzzle are well closed over by broad nostril flaps. The jaws and the space between them, carry a furry beard, particularly in out wintered animals and those with good winter coats. The pony's ears are small, pointed upright, and furry. The interior of the ears is closed off by the compactness of ear shape and the lining of dense hair, which is often of lighter color than the rest of the head region.

Coat: The pony's coat is a major part of its natural inheritance. The winter coat lasts from September to May. In ponies living outdoors, it is particularly durable. It consists of two distinct types of hairs that form an underlying fine, but springy, undercoat and an overlaying outercoat that is firm. The undercoat consists of find hairs, approximately 1 - 1.5 inches long, and they project from the skin at a slight angle but in the same direction as the overlying hairs of the outercoat. M Their colour is usually light gray and their function appears to be to enmesh air and to provide insulation. The outer coat consists of strong, wiry, springy hairs, which are long enough to project beyond those of the undercoat. This surface hair forms a waterproof outer covering which is greasy and feels hard to the touch. The outer coat serves as a weather shield. By maintaining a dry skin, this coat type prevents a critical loss of heat.

Newfoundland Pony
Uniqueness

Overhead

Mane: The mane is thick at the roots and this causes it to stand up and stick out. The slow-growing long hair of the mane eventually causes this specialized hair to fall down the side of the neck. The mane grows all the life of the pony and is not diminished in the seasonal coat losses that are a unique feature of this horse.

Tail: The tail, like the mane, is not usually fast growing but is dense at the roots. Some ponies develop very long tails, but most do not grow their tails beyond their hocks. Strangely enough, the two chief seasonal coats of the pony, in summer and winter, are often of differing colour. Strangely again, the lighter shade is grown in summer and not in winter.

Adaptations: All of these features are developments that have taken place in the pony as a result of its adaptation to its long-term circumstances. This adaptation has been guided by its near-natural breeding. The total result of all these physical features is strength and power, making the animal particularly suitable for endurance in hard weather or work. The pony's ability to thrive on rough grazing, where some other horses would perish, is truly one of its major biological adaptations. The pony will starve like any other animal if it is not fed. Its secret is its eating ability. With its good bite from its broad, incisor scoop and through its mastication from its strong, deep-rooted molars, this pony can make the most of rough food when it must do so to maintain life.

Social Behavior

The behavior of each pony was affected by its own typical temperament. Movement of the eyelids and the eyeball were important indicators of such temperament. For example, the upper eyelid showed contraction like a frown, when emotionally aroused. Note that the horse has no freely moveable lower lid. Also a good deal of mobility of the eyeball in the stationary horse was an indication of anxiety. On the other hand, a very glazed, fixed state of the eye indicates distress, such as from pain or illness.

The free ranging ponies spent much of their time grazing. About 12 hours or more was usually spent on this high priority activity. Where grazing was poor, ponies traveled considerable distances each day in order to select preferred grasses, but they did not use an area greater than one which provided a supply of fresh water, usually a pond, within reasonable walking distance. When grazing, a group of ponies tended to space themselves out from each other, as they seemed to consider it important to have freedom from conflict when in the business of eating. While grazing they covered large areas and seldom took more than two mouthfuls at one spot before moving at least one step further to the next spot. In doing this they avoided areas where equine droppings had previously been deposited. This emphasized the clean manners of eating in ponies.

Areas where manure had been deposited and accumulated, were not grazed and these spots continued to grow as patches of very rough grass. A pasture, which had been over grazed, showed clearly demarcated areas of close-cropped "lawns" and rough untouched clumps, giving evidence of serious overuse of the land available.

Like many other highly developed animals, Newfoundland ponies showed a form of social order most clearly when they lived in the company of their own kind. In the hierarchy that became formed, the older and larger animals were usually to be high in rank; but stallions did not necessarily dominate geldings or mares. A dominant individual often dictated the movement of the herd throughout the grazing area, serving to act as leader in group movement. Such a pony often broke up close encounters among others. Socially dominant ponies were sometimes found to have much more aggressive temperaments than others in the group.

Newfoundland Pony Word List and Meanings:

(1) indigenous - originating in an characteristic of a particular region or country; (native, original inhabitant).

(2) Renaissance - the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking transition from the medieval to the modern world.

(3) revolution - a complete and forcible overthrow and replacement of an established government or political system by the people governed.

(4) components - a constituent part; element, ingredient. Being or serving as an element in something large.

(5) equine - pertaining to, or resembling a horse.

(6) registered - (1) recorded as in a register or book; enrolled, (2) denoting cattle, horses, dogs, etc., having pedigrees verified and filed by authorized association of breeders.

(7) bleak - bare, desolate, and often windswept: a bleak plain, cold and piercing.

(8) sickled - curved or hook like.

(9) cow-hocked - the joint in the hind leg of a horse, cows etc., corresponding anatomically to the ankle in humans.

(10) cannon - the greatly developed middle metacarpal or metatarsal bone of hoofed mammals, extending from the hock to the fetlock.

(11) fetlock - (1) the projection of the leg of horse behind the joint between the cannon and the great pastern bone, bearing a tuft of hair, (2) the tuft of hair itself, (3) also called the fetlock joint, the joint at this point.

(12) forelock - (of a horse) the tuft of hair that grows above or on the forehead.

(13) pasterns - the part of the hoof of a horse, cow, etc. between the fetlock and the hoof.

(14) breed - (1) to cause (plants or animals) to reproduce and usually to be improved by selection (2) a relatively homogenous group of animals within a species, developed and maintained by humans,(3) lineage, stock, strain, (4) sort, kind, group.

(15) peibald - having patches of two colors (especially black and white).

(16) skewbald - having patches of white.

Dartmoor Pony Breed Characteristics

Height: Not exceeding 12.2 hh.

Color: Bay, brown, gray, chestnut, roan. Piebald and skewbalds are not allowed. Excessive white markings should be discouraged.

Head: Should be small. Well set on and bloodlike, with the nostrils large and expanding and the eyes bright, mild intelligent and prominent. The ears should be small, well-formed, alert and neatly set. The throat and jaws should be fine and showing no signs of coarseness or throatiness.

Neck: Strong but not too heavy and of medium length. Stallions have a moderate crest.

Shoulders: Good shoulders are most important. They should be well laid back and sloping, but not too fine at the withers.

Body: Of medium length and strong, well-ribbed up and with a good depth of girth giving plenty of heart room.

Loin and Hindquarters: Strong and well covered with muscle. The hindquarters should be of medium length and neither level or steeply sloping. The tail is well set up.

Hind legs: The hocks should be well let down with plenty of length from hip to hock, clean cut and with plenty of bone below the joint. They should not be "sickled" or "cow-hocked".

Fore legs: Should not be tied in, in any way, at the elbows. The forearms should be muscular and the knee fairly large and flat on the front. The cannon should be short from knee to fetlock with ample, good, flat, flinty bone. The pasterns should be sloping but not too long. The feet should be sound, tough and well shaped.

Movement: Low straight and free flowing, yet without exaggeration.

General: The mane and tail should be full and flowing. The Dartmoor is a very good-looking riding pony, sturdily built yet with quality.

TO BE MADE INTO OVERHEADS

Newfoundland Pony Characteristics By Part

Breast: Narrowness across the breast results in the forelegs being set close together. This is not the type of conformation that is considered desirable in some other types of horse. In the Newfoundland pony this physical characteristic has environmental justification. The narrow-looking breast reduces heat loss when the animal faces a cold, strong gale. The close set fore feet make the animal very sure footed on rough terrain.

Head: The equine Newfoundlander has a nicely contoured skull and the point of the skull, the poll, is not prominent. The brow is overhung by a short forelock which has an underside of furry hair, particularly in winter. The eyes are set well apart. Extending down from the eyes, on either side of the upper checks, is the protruding ridge of the hard facial bone. The upper cheek region gives breadth to the face. The facial-nasal lines are devoid of curves being straight and of limited length. The nasal openings of the muzzle are well closed over by broad nostril flaps. The jaws and the space between them, carry a furry beard, particularly in out wintered animals and those with good winter coats. The pony's ears are small, pointed upright, and furry. The interior of the ears is closed off by the compactness of ear shape and the lining of dense hair, which is often of lighter color than the rest of the head region.

Coat: The pony's coat is a major part of its natural inheritance. The winter coat lasts from September to May. In ponies living outdoors, it is particularly durable. It consists of two distinct types of hairs that form an underlying fine, but springy, undercoat and an overlaying outercoat that is firm. The undercoat consists of find hairs, approximately 1 - 1.5 inches long, and they project from the skin at a slight angle but in the same direction as the overlying hairs of the outercoat. M Their colour is usually light gray and their function appears to be to enmesh air and to provide insulation. The outer coat consists of strong, wiry, springy hairs, which are long enough to project beyond those of the undercoat. This surface hair forms a waterproof outer covering which is greasy and feels hard to the touch. The outer coat serves as a weather shield. By maintaining a dry skin, this coat type prevents a critical loss of heat.

TO BE MADE INTO OVERHEADS

Newfoundland Pony Characteristics

Summary

~ Approximately 11 to 14.2 hands high (one hand = 4 inches)
~ Thick dark mane, tail and lower legs
~ Commonly brown though other colours are not uncommon
~ Weight range 400 to 800 pounds
~ May experience mild to radical colour changes from one season to the next
~ Small head with deep jowls and short hairy ears
~ Small flint hard hoofs and a low set tail

Most of its variability is in physical appearance, such as size, weight, conformation, coat colour, and hair texture. Its basic behavior is its stable characteristic.

TO BE MADE INTO OVERHEADS

Tickle Cove Pond

Composed by Mark Walker

Verse 1
In cutting and hauling, in frost and in snow,
We're up against troubles that few people know.

And it's only by courage and patience and grit,
And eating plain food can we keep ourselves fit.

The hard and the easy we take as it comes,
And when ponds freeze over we shorten our runs.

To hurry my hauling, the spring coming on,
Near lost me a mare out on Tickle Cove Pond.

CHORUS:
Lay hold William Oldford, lay hold William White,
Lay hold of the cordage (hawser) and pull all your might.
Lay hold of the bowline and pull all you can,
And give me a lift with poor Kit on the pond

Verse 2
I knew that the ice became weaker each day,
But still took the risk and kept hauling away.

One evening in April, bound home with a load,
The mare showed some halting against the ice road.

And knew more than I did as matters turned out,
And lucky for me had I joined her in doubt.

She turned ‘round her head and with tears in her eyes,
As if she were saying, "You're risking our lives."

Verse 3
All this I ignored with a whip handle blow,
For man is too stupid dumb creatures to know.

The very next minutes the pond gave a sigh,
And down to our necks went poor Kitty and I.

For if I had taken wise Kitty's advice,
I never would take the shortcut on the ice.

Poor creature she's dead, poor creature she's gone.
I'll ne'er get my mare out of Tickle Cove Pond.

Verse 4
So I raised an alarm you could hear for a mile,
And neighbors turned up a very short while.

You can always rely on the Oldfords and Whites,
To render assistance in all your bad plights.

To help a poor neighbor is part of their lives.
The same I can say for their children and wives.

When the bowline was fastened around the mare's breast,
William White for a shanty song made a request.

There was no time for thinking, no time for delay,
Straight from his head came this song right away.

LAST CHORUS:
Lay hold William Oldford, lay hold William White,
Lay hold of the cordage and pull all your might,
Lay hold of the bowline and pull all you can,
And with that we brought Kit out of Tickle Cove Pond.

VICTORIA HERITAGE PARK - HERITAGE SAWMILL

OBJECTIVES:

-to learn about water wheels and how they were used to do mechanical work.
-to demonstrate a knowledge in computational strategies and problem solving.

1. BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Water wheels are not designed to generate electricity, but to do mechanical work. They are appropriate for work when there is a large flow of water-usually on rivers. Water wheels are also appropriate for powering irrigation devices in remote areas.
The Victoria Heritage Sawmill is a full-size replica of a working water-powered sawmill.
In size and equipment it is patterned after the best-known Newfoundland mill that existed at Deep Bight, Trinity Bay. At Victoria, the water wheel is fourteen feet in diameter and is attached to a pit wheel that is twelve feet in diameter, for sawing logs and lumber.

2. ART ACTIVITY:

Distribute copies of the water wheel parts and building to each student. Model the steps involved in cutting out, folding and gluing, and assembling the water wheel model.
When the models are completed, display in class.

3. MATHEMATICS ACTIVITY:

In 1610, Sir John Guy established the first English colony in the New World at Cuper's Cove (Cupids), Newfoundland (Howley, 1908 and Guy, 1972) Among his terms for the new colony he was to have "sawyers to mend boats to supply pine boards, whereas ye shall have plenty when the saw is up". And so it was that the first recorded sawmill was established in North America.
To determine the number of logs required for housing and boat building measurement was very important to the builders and loggers.

Math reinforce activity next page.

Heritage Sawmill - Mathematics Activity

From- Logs - top- Lumber: Problem Solving

Uncle Jimmy is planning to build a new house. He owns a water powered sawmill so he is able to produce all of the lumber needed for building himself. Before he can start construction he has to decide how much materials he needs. His material list was:

100 pieces of 2" x 8"x 12' long for Floor Joist
250 pieces of 2" x 4"x 8' long for Wall Studs
700 pieces of 1" x 6"x 14' long board for sheeting the walls, roof and floor.

Uncle Jimmy has a choice of three sizes of logs to saw for the lumber he requires. Large logs are 18 " in diameter; medium logs are 12" in diameter; small logs are 7 " in diameter.
How many of each type of log would he have to saw at his sawmill to yield the needed materials.

1.
(a) If 1 large log yields 2 pieces of 2" x 8", how many logs are needed for 100 pieces?_______
(b) If 1 large log yields 6 pieces of 2" x 4", how many logs are needed for 250 pieces ?______
(c) If 1 large log yields 6 pieces of 1" x 6", how many logs are needed for 700 pieces ?______
(d)The total number of large logs needed are?_______

2.
(a) If 1 medium log yields 1 pieces of 2" x 8", how many logs are needed for 100 pieces? ______
(b) If 1 medium log yields 4 pieces of 2" x 4", how many logs are needed for 250 pieces? ______ (c) If 1 medium log yields 4 pieces of 1" x 6", how many logs are needed for 700 pieces? ______
(d) The total number of medium logs needed are?______

3.
(a) If 1 small log yields 0 pieces of 2" x 8", how many logs are needed for 100 pieces? _________
(b) If 1 small log yields 5 pieces of 2" x 4", how many logs are needed for 250 pieces? _________
(c) If 1 small log yields 5 pieces of 1" x 6", how many logs are needed for 700 pieces? ________
(d) The total number of Small logs needed are?________

Note: If small logs cannot be used for 2" x 8", what will Uncle Jimmy do?___________________

Extension:

Uncle Jimmy has to go into the forest and cut down trees for logs. To find out if the tree he cuts will provide a large, medium or small log he measures the circumference. How will he calculate the diameter from this measurement?

Heritage Sawmill - Mathematics Activity

ANSWER KEY

From- Logs - Lumber: Problem Solving

Uncle Jimmy is planning to build a new house. He owns a water powered sawmill so he is able to produce all of the lumber needed for building himself. Before he can start construction he has to decide how much materials he needs. His material list was:

100 pieces of 2" x 8"x 12' long for Floor Joist
250 pieces of 2" x 4"x 8' long for Wall Studs
700 pieces of 1" x 6"x 14' long board for sheeting the walls, roof and floor.

Uncle Jimmy has a choice of three sizes of logs to saw for the lumber he requires. Large logs are 18 " in diameter; medium logs are 12" in diameter; small logs are 7 " in diameter.
How many of each type of log would he have to saw at his sawmill to yield the needed materials.

1.
(a) If 1 large log yields 2 pieces of 2" x 8", how many logs are needed for 100 pieces? 50.0
(b) If 1 large log yields 6 pieces of 2" x 4", how many logs are needed for 250 pieces ? 41.6
(c) If 1 large log yields 6 pieces of 1" x 6", how many logs are needed for 700 pieces ? 116.6
(d)The total number of large logs needed are? 208.2

2.
(a) If 1 medium log yields 1 pieces of 2" x 8", how many logs are needed for 100 pieces? 100.0
(b) If 1 medium log yields 4 pieces of 2" x 4", how many logs are needed for 250 pieces? 62.5
(c) If 1 medium log yields 4 pieces of 1" x 6", how many logs are needed for 700 pieces? 175.0
(d) The total number of medium logs needed are? 337.5

3.
(a) If 1 small log yields 0 pieces of 2" x 8", how many logs are needed for 100 pieces? 0
(b) If 1 small log yields 5 pieces of 2" x 4", how many logs are needed for 250 pieces? 50
(c)If 1 small log yields 5 pieces of 1" x 6", how many logs are needed for 700 pieces? 140
(d) The total number of Small logs needed are? 190

Note: If small logs cannot be used for 2" x 8", what will Uncle Jimmy do?
Use 50 large or 100 medium logs for sawing 2" x 8" lumber.

Extension:
Uncle Jimmy has to go into the forest and cut down trees for logs. To find out if the tree he cuts will provide a large, medium or small log he measures the circumference. How will he calculate the diameter from this measurement? ANS: Divide the measurement by 3.14.

VICTORIA - HERITAGE SAWMILL

WATER WHEEL

Water wheels are not designed to generate electricity, but to do mechanical work. They are good in an area where there is a large flow of water - usually rivers. Water wheels are also good for powering irrigation devices in remote areas.

The Victoria Heritage Sawmill is a full size replica of a working water - powered sawmill. In size and equipment, it is patterned after the best - known Newfoundland mill that once existed at Deep Bight, Trinity Bay. At Victoria, the water wheel was 14 feet in diameter and was attached to a 12 foot diameter pit wheel. By a series of gears power was transferred to a three foot circular blade for sawing logs into lumber.

Heritage Sawmill - Victoria

Instructions for assembling Waterwheel

1. Cut out the two strips( a1). It's best not to cut out the two circles until later.- they may get lost .

2. Glue the two strips together top form one long strip.

3. Using the lines as a guide, fold the strips accordion style to form tabs. Fold and as straight as possible.

4. When all tabs have been formed, glue the two ends together to form the wheel.

5. Cut out the circles.

6. Glue the wheel to the circles. ( Note: Liquid white glue works best - better than glue stick).

7. Cut out and glue the building. ( Decorate the building with windows. Doors and colouring
before cutting out).

8. Glue water wheel to side of building.